Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with oppositional defiant disorder in Swedish children - an open study of collaborative problem solving.

AIM To evaluate collaborative problem solving (CPS) in Swedish 6-13-year-old children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). METHODS Seventeen families completed 6-10 sessions of CPS training. Primary outcome measures were SNAP-IV [attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and ODD scores] and Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) scores at baseline, post-intervention and 6 months later. Secondary outcome measures were the Conners' 10-item scale and the Family Burden of Illness Module (FBIM). RESULTS All 17 participants completed the intervention. The whole group had significant reductions in SNAP-IV ODD, ADHD, total Conners' and FBIM scores, both at post-intervention and at 6-month follow-up. Eight of the children, although significantly improved on ODD scores and the Conners' emotional lability subscale at post-intervention, had almost no improvement in hyperactivity/impulsivity. Post-intervention, this group received stimulant medication for their ADHD. CGI-I scores of much improved or very much improved were reached by 53% (9/17) of all at post-intervention, and by 81% (13/16) at 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSION Collaborative problem solving significantly reduced ODD, ADHD and emotional lability symptoms. A subgroup improved in their ADHD symptoms only after adding stimulant medication.